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The seismicity and seismotectonics of Canada East of the Cordillera, Geoscience Canada, 16, 3-16. A church record entry made by Reverend S. Danforth from Roxbury, Massachusetts (~ 600 km from the CSZ) indicated the initial shock was felt around 6 pm that evening and several more shocks followed the next morning. The method takes into account and corrects for all the distortions related to the full geometry of viewing (e.g., viewing angle of the sensor, position and velocity of the satellite, and curvature, rotation and elevation of the earth) and the map projection. Region of highest seismic activity, and seismic hazard, in Eastern Canada. It is cut by faults created during at least four major tectonic events: the Grenvillian collision (1100 to 900 Ma); the rifting episode related to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean (700 Ma); the Taconian reactivation of these faults at the closing of that ocean (450 Ma); and finally, a Devonian meteor impact (350 Ma; Rondot, 1979).

The CSZ was also active prehistorically, as indicated by lake disturbances and landslides.

Most of these faults correspond to strong lineaments in the remote sensing imagery. Most of the larger events (star symbol in Figure 2) tend to concentrate at either end of the CSZ.

Although eastern Canada has relatively infrequent earthquakes, due to its location away from active plate boundaries, the CSZ is its most active part, with five earthquakes of estimated magnitude of 6 or greater since historical records began.

For the damage potential it poses, the seismic hazard of the CSZ is as high as it is in those areas of British Columbia where earthquakes are expected due to plate tectonics.

Lies in stable interior of North American plate, and causes of seismic activity are not well-understood compared to seismically active regions near plate boundaries Adams, J., Weichert, D.H., Halchuk, S., and Basham, P.W., “Trial seismic hazard maps of Canada – 1995: Final values for selected Canadian cities”. Similarly, pre-instrumental locations of events are less precise. More information is available on the historical seismicity of the following regions in Eastern Canada: Northern Ontario has a very low level of seismic activity. Copyright © Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists. A geometric correction method developed at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (Toutin, 1995) is used to ortho-rectify the RADARSAT imagery with a digital elevation model (DEM) in any conformal cartographic projection, such as Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). 1735-1758. A seismic reflection profile across the St. Lawrence River has not revealed the existence of a rupture at the bottom of the River (Lamontagne, 2002).

Minor mag. The region is closely monitored by a network of five local stations of the Canadian National Seismograph Network. [5] This level of damage is consistent with a modified Mercalli intensity of VI though this may have been because the early colonials had the capability of producing only relatively weak mortar. Earthquakes are not distributed uniformly across the seismic zone but are concentrated in groups separated by less active areas. The CSZ lies in the stable interior of …

The hypocentres located over the years have provided an insight into the CSZ seismotectonics.

2 ChromaDepth 3-D is a trademark of Chromatek Inc (www.chromatek.com).

What is the Charlevoix Seismic Zone? Fortunately, mitigation measures, such as upgrading and enforcing building codes, make structures more resistant to earthquake strong ground motions. InSAR can also contribute to the mitigation phase by adding to the spatial understanding of fault mechanism dynamics and strain, an aspect that could be used in seismically active areas such as the CSZ. Charlevoix-Kamouraska Seismic Zone The Local Seismograph Network. Adams, J., and P.W.

To complement these optical systems, interferometric SAR techniques (InSAR) from space borne radar sensors can be used to map changes in the Earth’s surface topography and obtain ground displacement (Zebker, 2000; Toutin and Gray, 2000).

The CSZ is in the middle of the North American plate and the factors that lead to large earthquakes here remain poorly known. The greatest seismicity occurs where the rift is overprinted by a ~300 Ma meteorite crater, the Charlevoix impact structure. The earthquake potential of the CSZ led the GSC to conduct two field surveys in 1970 and 1974.

Since September 2002, he has worked with the new Canadian Program of Natural Hazards and Emergency Response.

[1] These things together suggest that the Charlevoix earthquake was similar in size to the largest of the New Madrid earthquakes and was at least a magnitude 6.8 event.

More than 200 micro-earthquakes are recorded there every year and five damaging earthquakes in the magnitude (M) 6 range have occurred there (in 1663, 1791, 1860, 1870 and 1925). [13] Father Charles Simon, on the other hand, was said to have limited training and some written records of his were not received as readily or without hesitation. CSZ earthquakes of magnitude larger than 6 had local and regional impacts; a consideration taken into account in the seismic provisions of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC).

This information is important for relief agencies (rescue teams) that need to quickly locate potential victims and map structures at risk. Multibeam bathymetry data and high resolution seismic reflection data acquired in the Saguenay Fjord has been used to identify a series of landslide deposits that were probably triggered by the 1663 earthquake. The urban areas of Montreal, Ottawa-Hull and Cornwall are located in this zone.

The whole process can be enhanced, especially for deeper events, by high pore-fluid pressures in fault zones. A decade will, on average, include three events greater than magnitude 5.

One of these areas is the Charlevoix Seismic Zone (CSZ) of Quebec, one of the most seismically active regions of Canada (Figure 1).

By comparison, over the same time period, the smaller region of Western Quebec experienced 15 magnitude 2.5 or greater earthquakes per year. Chiroiu, L., and Andre, G., Damage Assessment Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery: Application to 2001 Bhuj, India, Earthquake. These two surveys clearly delineated the CSZ to be an active zone about 30 by 85 km, elongated along the St. Lawrence River, and enclosing the towns of Baie-St-Paul, La Malbaie and La Pocatière. For geological applications, a steep incidence angle of the beam best enhances terrain topography, which is often related to structural lineaments. The seismic provisions of the National Building Code of Canada are partly based on knowledge of historical earthquakes and the geological factors that favour their occurrence. Eastern Canada is located in a stable continental region within the North American Plate and, as a consequence, has a relatively low rate of earthquake activity.

On average, an earthquake occurs in the Charlevoix region every day and a half. Although eastern Canada has relatively infrequent earthquakes, due to its location away from active plate boundaries, the CSZ is its most active part, with five earthquakes of estimated magnitude of 6 or greater since historical records began.

This was one of the few incidents involving loss of life in any recorded Canadian earthquake.

At depth, CSZ earthquakes occur solely in the Precambrian basement from about 5 to 30 km depth, with two thirds between 7 and 15 km.

Remote Sensing, 23, 63-70. http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/rd/sci_pub/bibpdf/2206.pdf, Toutin, Th.

In terms of disaster response, what can be expected of future damaging CSZ earthquakes? The complexity of CSZ seismicity can be explained by a combination of factors.

admin@csegrecorder.com. 3, p. 52-60, 2000. Since the 1925 event was the only one recorded by seismographs, the previous events have approximate magnitudes evaluated using felt areas and damage.

These systems provide images sufficiently detailed to locate collapsed buildings (Chiroiu and André, 2002; Adams et al., 2003).

Massonnet, D., Rossi, M., Carmona, C., Adragna, F., Peltzer, G., Feigl, K., Rabaute, T. (1993) The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by Radar interferometry. [16], Magnitude 7 earthquake (February 5, 1663) affecting New France (now Quebec, Canada), "Historic Earthquakes: St. Lawrence Valley region, Quebec, Canada, 1663", "Submarine mass movements in the Upper Saguenay Fjord, (Québec, CAnada), triggered by the 1663 earthquake", "A New Analysis of the Magnitude of the February 1663 Earthquake at Charlevoix, Quebec", "Le Ciel et la Terre nous ont parlé — Comment les missionnaires du Canada français de l'époque coloniale interprétèrent le tremblement de terre de 1663", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1663_Charlevoix_earthquake&oldid=984329624, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 October 2020, at 15:08. Toutin, Th., 1995. Historically, the zone has been subject to five earthquakes of magnitude 6 or larger: in 1663 (Mag. Since 1977, a seven-station local seismograph network, centred on the active zone, has monitored the earthquake activity. Charlevoix Seismic Zone Located some 100 km downstream from Quebec City, the Charlevoix Seismic Zone (CSZ) is the most seismically active region of eastern Canada. 6 1/2); and 1925 (magnitude MS 6.2 ± 0.3). It would probably cause landslides at hundreds of kilometers distance and seriously damage parts of Quebec City where soft soils amplify ground motions.

Earthquakes may occur where rift faults are found along the St. Lawrence valley, despite the current low level of seismic activity (Adams et al., 1996).

1 For more information on the basics of remote sensing, visit: http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/learn/tutorials/fundam/fundam_e.html. Beneath the St. Lawrence River, however, these structures lie hidden by several kilometres of Appalachian nappes and hundreds of meters of Quaternary sediments.

All geographical and geological features are thus more accurately located and plotted on the ortho-rectified image. It includes papers on the local seismological, geological, and geophysical characteristics. In the Miramichi area of central New Brunswick, a series of significant earthquakes occurred in 1982 (largest M5.7) and was followed by numerous aftershocks thereafter. A large volume of data is being converted to make this online archive.

Three moderate sized (magnitude 5) events have occurred in the 250 years of European settlement of this region, all of them in the United States - 1929, Attica, New York, 1986, near Cleveland, Ohio, and 1998, near the Pennsylvania/Ohio border.

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Basham, 1989. Lopes, A., E. Nezry, R. Touzi, and H. Laur, 1993. The main shock epicentre is suggested to have occurred along the Saint Lawrence River,[2] between the mouth of the Malbaie River on the north and the mouth of the Ouelle River on the south. In conclusion, there are still many questions raised by the earthquakes of the Charlevoix Seismic Zone.

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