NOVEL THINKING

A Federation and not a Confederation: Federal Feature # 3. Ch – 1 Power Sharing Extra Questions and Notes, Assessment of Speaking and Listening (ASL), Ch. Power sharing is desirable to give due respect to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. 4.Which community in Belgium was relatively rich and powerful? The principle of the equality of all Cantons in the Senate symbolizes the sovereign equality of all Cantons.

Belgium is actually used as an unusual unit of measurement in comparing country sizes.

Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German. The fall of the Helvetic Republic was followed by the Federal Pact which declared: “The Cantons were uniting for their common safety and the preservation of their liberty and independence against all foreign aggression as well as to preserve internal peace and order.”. Explain the ethnic composition of Belgium. During 1815-48, Switzerland experienced a civil war between the Radicals supporting complete unity into a federation and the Federalists supporting increased autonomy of rights and freedom for the Cantons.

3.What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Equality of all Cantons: Federal Feature # 7.

Maritime Flanders, extending inland for about 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km), is a region of newly formed and reclaimed land (polders) protected by a line of dunes and dikes and having largely clay soils.

‘Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united’. Belgium's highest point is the Signal de Botrange at 694 metres above the sea level. Ans. km.

Emeritus Professor of Social and Economic History, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium.

Just north of the boundary between Walloon Brabant (Brabant Walloon) and Flemish (Vlaams) Brabant lies the officially bilingual but majority French-speaking Brussels-Capital Region, with approximately one-tenth of the total population. he system of checks and balances is the arrangement of power sharing among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary, in such a way that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power and each organ checks the others.

On the contrary, it became an original piece of work. Another feature of a federation, a bicameral federal legislature whose upper House represents the units of the federation on the basis of equal representation, is also present in Switzerland.

There was vertical division of power and community government formed regarding educational, linguistic and cultural issues. The most important elements are still in force. (2) The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. This article throws light upon the nine federal features of the Swiss federation.

Which three basic elements of Belgium model of power sharing make it innovative? Article 190 [Mandatory Publication of Laws] (2) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. When power is shared among governments at different levels by division of power involving higher and lower levels of government, it is called as vertical division/distribution of power.

Thereafter, six more Cantons joined the Confederation, in 1815, when the 3 French speaking Cantons joined it, Switzerland came to be a confederation of 22 Cantons. The proposal can be initiated either by the Federal Parliament or by 1, 00,000 of Swiss voters.

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(1) The Ethnic composition of this small country is very complex.

Explain the horizontal distribution of power and any three merits of this form of power sharing. (2) The conflict was solved by recognizing the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. The Constitution of Belgium was amended four times between 1970 and 1993 to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country.

It soon turned into a civil war. Sri Lanka has adopted Buddhism as its official religion. (1) Measures: The following majoritarian measures were adopted by the Sri Lankan Government to establish Sinhala supremacy: (i)In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language. 3.How is power shared among different organs of the Government?

In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language and government followed preferential policies that favored Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. (iii) A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

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The Constitution states the ‘Belgian Nation adopts red, yellow and black for its colors’. 2.Which type of policy was constitutionally adopted by the government of Belgium to honor the diversities?

Belgium became a parliamentary monarchy. Secondly, in the form of pressure group, the traders, farmers, industrialists and workers’ association exercise power on government. Criticize the majoritarian measures adopted by the Lankan Government to establish Sinhala supremacy.

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3.Which country has adopted Buddhism as its official religion?

(1) Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as the religious and linguistic groups. Article 189 [Binding Texts] Constitutional texts are established in French, in Dutch, and in German. 6.At which level of government in India, 1/3rd of seats are reserved for women? By 1513, the alliance came to have 13 Cantons. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Belgium has three main geographical regions: the coastal plain in the north-west, the central plateau, and the Ardennes uplands in the south-east.

1) When power is shared among governments at different levels by division of Power involving higher and lower levels of government, it is called as vertical division of power.

This was resented by majority Dutch-speaking community, who got economic and educational benefit much later. The main lakes include the Lake Genval, Lake Bütgenbach, Lake Eau d'Heure, Lake Gileppe, Lake Eupen and Lake Robertville. (1) The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex. may also be among different social groups through constitutional and legal arrangements for representation of socially weaker sections and women in legislatures and administration. Belgium and the political entities that preceded it have been rich with historical and cultural associations, from the Gothic grandeur of its medieval university and commercial cities and its small, castle-dominated towns on steep-bluffed winding rivers, through its broad traditions in painting and music that marked one of the high points of the northern Renaissance in the 16th century, to its contributions to the arts of the 20th century and its maintenance of the folk cultures of past eras.

(1) When power is shared among different organs of government, such as legislature, executive and judiciary, placed at the same level and exercise different powers, it is called as horizontal distribution of power. flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes, Geography - note: (2) Sometimes social differences can take the form of unacceptable level of social inequality “‘injustice.

Belgium, country of northwestern Europe. Ans. Secondly, in the form of pressure group, the traders, farmers, industrialists and workers’ association exercise power on government. Ans.

(ii) The government followed preferential policies that favored Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. No single community can take decisions unilaterally.

Natural resources in Belgium include construction materials, silica sand and carbonates. (3) A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects.

Ans. (i) All three organs of the government are placed at the same level.

In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms. (iii) In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. (ii) They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later diversities.

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