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The Horseshoe Crab, an important keystone species of the Delaware Bay, is an animal that is very much depended upon by many other species participating in the ecosystem. Addenda V and VI extended Addendum IV’s measures through 2012. A close-up view of spawning horseshoe crabs. However, in the Delaware Bay region, only male crabs may be harvested as bait, and these are typically adults. The majority of horseshoe crab harvest comes from the Delaware Bay Region, followed by the New York, New England, and the Southeast regions. Under Addendum I (2000), the Commission established state-by-state quotas in all Atlantic states for horseshoe crabs harvested for bait. Ørsted is a proud supporter of our reTURN the Favor initiative. Adults prefer sandy beach areas within bays and coves that are protected from surf. The eggs play an important ecological role in the food web for migrating shorebirds.

As the number of Horseshoe Crabs have decreased, so have the number of eggs available for consumption by migrating shorebirds. Because of the copper present in hemocyanin, their blood is blue. Reported coastwide bait landings in 2018 remained well below the coastwide quota (1.59 million crab) at 658,589 crabs. Phone: 703-842-0740      Fax: 703-842-0741      info@asmfc.org     1050 N. Highland Street, Suite 200 A-N, Arlington, VA 22201, 2020 Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission | All rights reserved. Although comprehensive population estimates of the American horseshoe crab remain elusive, harvesting by humans combined with predation by American red knots (Calidris canutus rufa), foxes (Vulpes), and raccoons (Procyon) is thought to have contributed to a 90 percent decline in American horseshoe crab populations since the 1990s.

Spawning usually coincides with the high tide during the full and new moon. Trawls, hand harvests and dredges make up the bulk of commercial horseshoe crab bait landings. In addition to their role as a food source for birds, horseshoe crabs provide bait for commercial American eel and conch fisheries along the coast. The reTURN the Favor program works to make the beaches of New Jersey safer for the thousands of horseshoe crabs that spawn annually between May and July on the Delaware Bayshore. Shorebirds such as the Red Knot (Calidris... Every spring, Delaware Bay host the largest concentration of spawning horseshoe crabs on the Atlantic Coast. Reported coastwide bait landings in 2018 remained well below the coastwide quota (1.59 million crab) at 658,589 crabs. In the absence of biological reference points, stock status was based on the percentage of surveys within a region (or coastwide) having a >50% probability of the final year (2017) being below their 1998 levels.

Their blood contains a clotting agent, LAL (Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate), which provides a fast, reliable test for the presence of infectious bacteria in drugs, as well as prosthetic devices such as heart valves and hip replacements. Coastwide, abundance has fluctuated through time with many surveys decreasing after 1998 but increasing in recent years. There are, however, significant geographic differences with some populations increasing, some stable and some declining. This total harvest is allocated among the four states that harvest horseshoe crabs from the Delaware Bay crab population (New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia). Shorebirds such as the Red Knot (Calidris canutus), Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), and the Sanderling (Calidris alba) depend upon Horseshoe Crab eggs deposited along the banks of the Delaware Bay for their own nutritional welfare. Horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are a marine arthropod found along the Atlantic coast from northern Maine to the Yucatan Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico. Overall the Atlantic horseshoe crab is recognized as vulnerable by the IUCN due primarily to overharvesting and habitat loss. Increased need for bait in the whelk fishery likely caused an increase in horseshoe crab harvest in the 1990s, with a peak of nearly six million pounds in 1997. Their journey is timed so they can take a rest along the shore of the Delaware Bay in order to feast upon this large concentration of Horseshoe Crab eggs. Discard mortality impacts both males and females, as well as mature and immature crabs. Blood from the horseshoe crab is obtained by collecting adults and extracting a portion of their blood. The Delaware Bay supports the largest spawning population in the world. The Red List of Threatened Species produced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified the American horseshoe crab as a vulnerable species in 2016; however, data remain inconclusive for the other three species of horseshoe crabs. From the 1850s to the 1920s, between 1.5 and two million horseshoe crabs were harvested annually for fertilizer and livestock feed.

There is a high demand for the blood, the harvest of which involves … Thank you!

An estimated 425,000 to one million migratory shorebirds converge on the Delaware Bay to feed and rebuild energy reserves prior to completing their northward migration. Breeding activity is consistently higher during the full moon than the new moon and is also greater at night. Harvest in the Delaware Bay region has been limited to 500,000 male horseshoe crabs and zero female horseshoe crabs since the 2013 fishing season.

In an effort to address the Delaware Bay Horseshoe Crab situation, The Wetlands Institute has embarked on a statewide partnership project to support the stewardship and conservation of Horseshoe Crab populations in New Jersey. Estimates of discards and associated mortalities are highly variable and have large associated errors. The Addendum implements the Adaptive Resource Management Framework, which incorporates both shorebird and horseshoe crab abundance levels to set optimized horseshoe crab harvest levels for the Delaware Bay area. Delaware Bay has the largest population of horseshoe crabs ( Limulus polyphemus) in the world. Addendum II (2001) allows voluntary transfers of harvest quotas between states to alleviate concerns over potential bait shortages on a biologically responsible basis, with Commission approval.

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