NOVEL THINKING

References. Uses of esters.

2) Nucleopilic attack by the hydride anion, 4) Nucleopilic attack by the hydride anion, Prof. Steven Farmer (Sonoma State University). Compounds with carboxyl groups are relatively easily converted to compounds called esters, which have the hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group replaced with a group containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. One of the building blocks of a protein. .

and its Licensors Esters contribute to tastes and smells. Carboxylic acids and esters are organic chemicals that occur naturally and can also be made from alcohols.

Carboxylic acids are also important in the manufacture of greases, crayons, and plastics.

.

. Examples include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. What are carboxylic acids? .

An aldehyde is produced as an intermediate during this reaction, but it cannot be isolated because it is more reactive than the original carboxylic acid.

—A carboxylic acid formed during the metabolism of sugar in muscle cells.

Carboxylic acids are widely used as precursors to produce other compounds. . Carboxylic acids are thus used commercially as raw materials for the production of synthetic odors and flavors. Esters are important because many of them have characteristic tastes and odors.

Some carboxylic acids (acetic acid and isobutyric acid), their esters (C 5 acids esters), and other derivatives (i.e., acetamide), are important solvents [28].

. For example, methyl butyrate, a derivative of butyric acid, smells like apples. If a base is used, a salt is formed instead of the carboxylic acid, but the salt is easily converted to the acid by treatment with hydrochloric acid.

. . . Various fatty acids are used to make soaps and detergents that have different applications in society. See also Acetylsalicylic acid; Acids and bases.

Perhaps one of the most important industrial applications of compounds with carboxyl groups is the use of fatty acids (which are carboxyl groups attached to long carbon chains) in making soaps, detergents, and shampoos.

. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Reductions of carboxylic acid derivatives. .

1.

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. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. .

Carboxylic acid derivatives, aldehydes, and ketones to alcohols Hydride reduction mechanism Mechanism. .

9. .

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Other esters, derived from carboxylic acids, have different uses. The coupling of carboxylic acid via the mixed anhydride procedure is a simple one-step reaction which does not require isolation of an active derivative. —The —COOH group of atoms, whose presence defines a carboxylic acid. It is usually linked with extra functional groups. Murray, Frank.

Note that NaBH 4 is not strong enough to convert carboxylic acids or esters to alcohols. Carboxylic acids can be converted to 1 o alcohols using Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4).

Reduction of esters Better Nutrition for Better Living 56 (1994): 34–39.

Organic Chemistry. For example, the ester ethyl acetate is a very good solvent and is a major component in nail polish remover.

. .

7. They also react with alcohols to produce esters and can undergo reduction reactions by hydrogenation or the use of reducing agents.

The uses of vegetable oils are extended using additives and chemical treatments. Carboxylic acids are thus used commercially as raw materials for the production of synthetic odors and flavors. . Upon exposure to a base, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated and forms a carboxylate salt. Carboxylic acid is a type of organic compound that widely occurs in forms of acetic acid and amino acids, and is the main ingredient in vinegar. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org.

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